Juli 2019 - Berkarya Suka-Suka

Rabu, 31 Juli 2019

Juli 31, 20190 Comments
NYEMAK WARA-WARA

            Nyemak tegese sawijining proses kegiyatan ngrukokake  lambang-lambang lesan kanthi wigati, nduweni pemahaman,  apresiasi, sarta interpretasi kanggo entuk informasi, pesen, sarta paham tegese komunikasi sing diwedharake dening wong sing ngomong kanthi piranti basa lisan.
Nyemak wacan nonsastra ing piwulang basa jawa bias arupa nyemak wara-wara, nyemak pawarta, lan nyemak crita. Nyemak wara-wara, nyemak pawarta, lan nyemak crita kalebu nyemak intensif. Tegese nyemak kang dilakoni kanthi tumemen lan konsentrasi sing mirunggan kanggo mangerteni teges sing ana. Dene menawa dijlentrehake maneh kalebu nyemak intensif-konsentratif. Awit, ana ing nyemak wara-wara, wong kang nyemak ngupadi bab-bab informasi sing penting. Supaya anggone nyemak mikolehi asil kang dikarepake ana babagan penting kang kudu ditindakake wong kang nyemak.
  1. nyiapake fisik lan mental, tegese kahanane sehat, ora kesel, mental stabil lan pikirane padhang
  2. konsentrasi, tegese musatake perhatian lan pikiran tumuju marang apa kang disimak
  3. motivasi, tegese nduweni tujuwan tertemtu kang pingin digayuh
  4. objektif, tegese mangerteni saben thek-kliwere apa kang disemak
  5. nyemak kanthi wutuh, tegese nyemak sakabehe, ora perangane wae
  6. selektif, tegese tansah milih perangan penting bab bahan semakan
  7. ora gampang keganggu swara-swara saka njaba
  8. ngregani pawongan sing ngendikan, ora ngremehake
  9. rikat anggone mangerteni kahanan (menyesuaikan dhiri)
  10. ora emosional, ora ngenyek pawogan sing ngendikan,
  11. kontak kalawan pawongan sing ngendikan
  12. ndamel rangkuman
  13. mbiji materi ingkang ingendikakake
  14. maringi tanggapan/reaksi/komentar
Reading Time:
Juli 31, 20190 Comments
Berbalas Pesan Melalui Email



Text 1: An email from Hannah

      Hello, Alia! Let me introduce myself. My name is Hannah. I know your name from my friend, Caroline. She told me that you sent her an email telling her that you would like to have more pen pals from the US. I’d really like to be your E-pal. You sound really cool! I guess I’d better tell
you something about myself first. I’m 16 years old and I attend Thomas Edison High School here in Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. I have two brothers and two half sisters and I’m the middle child. My father died a few years ago so my mother runs the house and the family business. My father was a barista. I have lots of hobbies. I like music – mostly classical music and folk music – but I don’t play an instrument. I like sports, especially tennis and basketball. At school I’m in the basketball team and I spend most of my extra-curricular time playing basket ball. i’m into animals very much. My sister and I have three dogs, a rabbit and an iguana. They need lots of attention as you can imagine. At school, I have many Hmong friends who were not fully fluent in English. Their
familymoved here from Asia. I enjoy talking to them about our different cultures. My favorite subjects at school are art and geography. I think I’d like to become a park ranger when I graduate, perhaps work for the National Parks Service. I haven’t got much interest in fashion, although we have ‘Mall of America,’ the biggest mall in Minnesota. We can reach the mall very easily. A commuter train runs every 15 minutes, buses also come from different directions. We can also drive to the mall. It’s much faster than going there by train or by bus. I don’t like reading but I love drawing and painting. How about you? Please drop me a line, Alia! Can’t wait to hear from you! 
Hannah



Text 2: A letter from Saidah

Assalamu’alaikum Alia, 
      It was very interesting to read your letter about yourself and your hometown. I would really like to be your pen friend. I’m a sixteen-year-old school student from Johor Bahru in Malaysia. Actually I attend an Islamic boarding school just outside the city but my family live in Kuala Lumpur. My eldest sister is a medical doctor. She will get married soon. My younger brother is an elementary school student in KL but he often writes to me via email.   
     My favorite subjects are social sciences. I like history very much; it helps me know more how different countries existed in the past. At school we are supposed to use English at all times, even when we are in the dormitory, so we have become quite fluent although sometimes we slip back into Malay, which is our mother tongue. 
      As for hobbies, I’m really into songs and music. My favorite singer is Yusuf Islam whose former name was Cat Steven. He’s so cool! Another singer I  like is Maher Zain with his religious songs. My favorite Malay singer is of course Siti Nurhaliza. I also like watching movies, especially comedies. The actor I like best is Tom Cruise.  I’m really into books. I like reading novels and short stories, mostly by Malay authors who you probably haven’t heard of. I like some writers in English, like JK Rowling and Indonesian writers too, like Andrea Hirata and Ahmad Fuadi. 
     My dream, when I’m older, is to be a writer of science fiction books set in the distant future. I’d really love to come to Indonesia some day. I heard that it has the largest number of Muslims of any country. A book that I’ve just read mentions that there are some magnificent places to visit, such as, Bali, Sulawesi, Papua and Borneo! What about you, do you want to visit my country? 

Wassalam, Saidah

Reading Time:

Selasa, 30 Juli 2019

Juli 30, 2019 4 Comments

WULANGAN 8

PARIWARA


      Wara-wara (pengumuman) yaiku salah sawijining wujud pawarta utama laying / nawala (surat) kang katujokake marang umum. Mula, wara-wara iku warta kang asipat ora resmi. Surasane ora ana kang disingidake kabeh kang dikarepke diblakakake. Wara-wara iku nggone gawe kudu isa narik kawigaten marang kang bakal maca / ngrungokake, mula kudu cekak aos, lan cetha. Malah anggone gawe wara-wara uga kudu isa kreatif dan inovatif.
           Perangane wara-wara ora ganep kaya laying liyane, watone sapa kang gawe, katujokake mapa sapa, lan surasane apa wis cetha isa diwartakake. Perangan wara-wara iku: adangiyah, pambuka, surasa basa / isi, wasana basa / panutup, papan lan titimangsa, peprenah, lan asma terang.
           Jinis-jinise wara-wara iku maneka warna, ing antarane kayata wara-wara, pariwara / iklas, brosur, pamphlet, lelayu, baliho, kampanye, lan sapanungalane. Mula, wara-wara iku biyasane dipapanake ana ing papan kang gampang diwaca utawa dingerteni dening umum. Tuladhane wara-wara tinulis dipajang ing pinggir rattan utawa malah malang rattan gedhe. Wara-wara iku di wartakake isa lumantar tulisan utawa lesan. Dene wara-wara kang isa dirungokake iku lumantar radhio utawa televisi.

Pariwara  nduweni paugeran, yaiku:
1.      Pariwara migunaake media massa kanggo masifikasi layang.
2.      Migunaake sponsor sing wes teridentifikasi.
3.      Nduweni sifat menehi informasi marang khalayak.
4.      Nduweni tujuan kanggo ngentokno audiens seakeh-akehe.

Jenis-jenise pariwara, yaiku :
1.      Pariwara/iklan
a.       Iklan Informatif
Iklan informatif yaiku, iklan kang nduweni paugeran :
a)      Nduweni tujuan mbentuk kesadaran lan pengetahuan bab produk utawa fitur-fitur saka produk kang wes ana.
b)      Njelasno cara kerja produk.
c)      Menehi infrmasi harga lan kemasan produk
d)      Ngoreksi produk
e)     Tuladhane iklan informatif yaiku iklan hp Sony Ericsson Z550i, iklan Dji Sam Soe, iklan Coca Cola.
b.      Iklan Persuasif
Iklan persuasif nduweni paugeran,yaiku :
a) Nduweni tujuan nyiptakno kesenengan, preferensi lan keyakinan, sahinggo konsumen arep tuku lan migunaake barang lan jasa.
b)      Nganjurno khalayak milih merk tertentu.
c)      Nganjurno kalayak tuku.
d)      Ngubah persepsi konsumen.
e)      Mbujuk khalayak tuku saiki.
Tuladhane iklan persuasif yaiku, iklan Samsung Slim Fit T, iklan Canon Printer PIXMA iP1200.
c.       Iklan reminder
Iklan reminder nduweni paugeran, yaiku :
a)      Nduweni tujuan ndorong konsumen tuku maneh barang lan jasa.
b)      Ngilingno konsumen tuku produk iku.
c)      Njaga kesadaran produk.
d)      Njalin hubungan apik karo kosumen.
Tuladha : iklan Vita Zone, iklan Hotel Santika Malang, iklan Simpati Jitu.

2.      Iklan umum
a.       Iklan Tanggung Jawab Sosial
Iklan tanggung jawab sosial, yaiku iklan kang nduweni tujuan nyebarno pesan kang nduweni sifat informatif, penerangan, pendidikan supaya mbentuk sikap warga, sahinggo nduweni tanggung jawab marrang masalah sosial. Tuladha : iklan anjuran, lan iklan penggambaran sosial.
b.      Iklan Bantahan
Iklan bantahan yaiku iklan kang digunakake mbantah utawa nglawan isu kang nggawe rugi dan ndandani citrane wong, perusahaan utawa merek kang tercemar amarga informasi kang ora bener. Ciri khas iklan iki yaiku ndheleh komunikator  gawe pihak kang teraniaya utawa digawe rugi pihak liya. Tujuan iklan bantahan yaiku: ngilimisi iklan kang ora bener lan ora nguntungno; nglurusno isu ing porsi kang bener, sesuai karo maksud perusahaan; mbangun simpati khalayak; mbangun opini publik menawa perusahaan ana ing posisi kang bener.
c.       Iklan Pembelaan
Iklan pembelaan yaiku ‘lawan’ saka iklan bantahan. Tujuan saka iklan iki yaiku supaya oleh simpati saka khalayak menawa perusahaan ana ing posisi kang bener. Tuldhane yaiku iklan kang kaiket karo hak paten.
d.      Iklan Perbaikan
Iklan perbaikan yaiku iklan kanggo mbenakno layang-layang  bab hal kang wes kahung keliru lan disebarake nganggo media. Istilah lain iklan iki yaiku iklan ralat utawa iklan pembetulan. Iklan iki nduweni tujuan kanggo ngralat informasi sing keliru, sahinggo publik tetep oleh informasi kang bener.
e.       Iklan Keluarga
Iklan keluarga yaiku iklan kang isi layang-layange  pemberitahuan saka pengiklan bab kedadiane peristiwa kekeluargaan marang keluarga/khalayak lainne. Iklan keluarga biasane luwih akeh rupa iklan kolom lan display, ora akeh nduweni isi ilustrasi gambar, lan luwih ngandalno layang tulis. Tuladhane yaiku iklan bab kematian, pernikahan, wisuda, lan liya-liyane.

3.      Iklan khusus
a.       Iklan kang nganggo dasar media kang digunakake :
                                                i.   Iklan Cetak yaiku iklan kang digawe lan dipasang karo migunakake teknik cetak.
                            Tuladhane, yaiku: iklan cetak surat kabar, iklan cetak baliho, iklan cetak poster,
                            iklan spanduk, lan liya-liyane.
                                              ii.   Iklan Elektronik yaiku iklan kang dipasang ing media kaya radio, lan TV.
b.      Iklan kang nganggo dasar tujuan iklan :
                                                i.     Iklan Komersial yaiku iklan bisnis kang nduweni tujuan kanggo ngentokno
                                 keuntungan ekonomi. Iklan komersial dibagi dadi telung jenis iklan, yaiku iklan 
                                 kanggo konsumen, kanggo bisnis lan iklan kanggo profesional.
               ii. Iklan Non Komersial yaiku iklan kang digunakake kanggo nyampekake informasi, ndidik
                                khalayak.
c.       Iklan kang nganggo dasar bidang isi layang :
ü  Iklan Politik.
ü  Iklan Pendidikan.
ü  Iklan Kesehatan.
ü  Iklan kecantikan lan perawatan tubuh.
ü  Iklan Pariwisata.
ü  Iklan hiburan.
ü  Iklan Olah Raga.
ü  Iklan Hukum.
ü  Iklan Lowongan Pekerjaan / Recruitment.
ü  Iklan Duka Cita.
ü  Iklan Perkawinan.
ü  Iklan panganan lan ombean.
ü  Iklan Otomotif.
ü  Iklan lingkungan Hidup.
ü  Iklan Media.
d.       Iklan kang nganggo dasar komunikatore
ü  Iklan Personal.
ü  Iklan Keluarga.
ü  Iklan Instusi.
e.       Iklan kang nganggo dasar cakupan
                                                i.     Iklan Lokal yaiku iklan kang cakupan khalayak sasaran kang dituju ana ing
                                 wilayah lokal, kayata pedesaan utawa perkotaan, utawa kabupaten.
                                              ii.     Iklan Regional yaiku iklan kang cakupan khalayak luwih saka siji wilayah lokal.
                                            iii.     Iklan Nasional yaiku iklan kang target konsumen ana ing kabeh wilayah negara.
                                        iv.     Iklan Internasional yaiku iklan kang mbidik khalayak kang njangkau trans nasional utawa luwih saka siji negara.
f.        Iklan kang nganggo dasar fungsi
                                                i.     Iklan Informasi yaiku iklan kang nitik beratke isi kanggo  informasi kanggo
                                 khalayak.
                                              ii.     Iklan Persuasi yaiku iklan kang nitik beratke ing upaya ngaruhi khalayak kanggo
                                 nglakokake penggawean.
                                            iii.     Iklan mendidik yaiku iklan kang nitik beratke ing tujuan ndidik khalayak, supaya
                                 khalayak ngerti lan nduwe pengetahuan.
                                            iv.     Iklan Parodi/Hiburan yaiku iklan kang digawe kanggo keperluan guyonan.

Reading Time:
Juli 30, 20190 Comments

WULANGAN 7

CERITA RAKYAT


 Kanggo nambahi wawasan lan pangerten cerkak ing ngisor iki bakal diandharake panemu kang ana sesambungane karo cerkak. Ing trap iki siswa di jaluk nyinau lan mahami perangan-perangan kang ana sesambungane karo cerkak.

1.      Pangertene crita rakyat
Yaiku crita jaman nenek moyang sing dadi ciri khas saben daerah kang nduweni kultur budaya maneka warna, nyakup babagan kekayaan budaya lan sejarah saben daerahe dewe-dewe.

2.      Unsur crita rakyat
·   Tema iku minangka ide pokok atau permasalahan utama kang ndhasari lakuning crita. Tema crita rakyat kang digunakake kaku, istanasentris, adat istiadat, lan mistis.Surasane crita khayal lan fantastis.
·        Setting iku minangka latar belakang kang mbantu cethaning laku crita, setting iku ngemot wektu, papan/panggonan, sosial budaya. 
·  Sudut pandang ing crita rakyat yaiku nyritakake tokoh, barang, papan, kewan, lan sapiturute.
·   Alur / plot yaiku rerangkening/cengkoranganing prastawa/kedadeyan ing crita. Alur diperang dadi 2 perangan, yaiku alur maju (progresif) yaiku yen prastawa iku lumaku kanthi trap-trapan adhedhasar kronologi tumuju ing alur crita. Dene alur mundur (flash back progresif) yaiku dumadi kang ana sesambungane karo prastawa kang lagi dumadi
·  Penokohan iku nggambarake karakter kanggo paraga/pelaku. Paraga bisa dingerteni karaktere saka tumindake, ciri fisike, lingkungane, lan sapiturute.
·      Konflik yaiku perkara kang dadi punjere crita. Ing perangan iki pancen diketokake perkara apa kang ndadekake crita iki dadi narik kawigaten. Sansaya jlimet lan tlesih anggone gawe konflik, ndadekake crita iku ngundhakake kawigatene pandhemene.

3.      Karakter crita rakyat
Crita rakyat yaiku perangan karya sastra lisan kang nduweni karakter kaya ing ngisor iki.:
a. Anonym, tegese crita mau ora kaweruhan sapa sing nganggit.
b. Kolektif, merga ora kaweruhan sapa sing nganggit critra mau dadi duweke masyarakat
    bebarengan (collectivity).
c. Dicritakake kanthi lesan
d. Sing nyritakake saka generasi ke generasi.
Amarga ciri kasebut crita rakyat gampang owah, sok sapaa bisa nambahi mula akeh versi miturut papan utawa panggonan singnyritakake.

4.      Wujud crita rakyat miturut Williams R Bascom ana 3
1.      .Mitos
Crita mitos dianggep bener-bener kadadeyan. Kadadeyan ing alam daratan, segara, utawa langit. Paragane manungsa sekti, dewa, kewan kang nduweni kasekten ora masuk akal kayata bisa mabur, bisa urip ing segara lsp. Tuladha crita mitos kayata Crita Kangjeng Ratu Kidul ing pesisir kidul, Crita Nyai Lanjar ing pesisir lor, Crita Alas Krenda Wahana ing Boyolali, Crita Sunan Lawu ing Karanganyar.
2.      Legenda
Crita legenda kadadeyan ing bumi lan crita mau kaanggep bener-bener kadadeyan. Biasane crita mau ana petilasane arupa watu, wit, gunung, kali, lsp. Tuladha crita legend kayata: Crita baru Klinting, Crita kedadeyane Kutha Semarang, Kedadeyane Kutha salatiga, Crita Joko Poleng ing Brebes, Crita Kamandaka ing tlatah Banyumas, Crita Kekadeyan padusan Sumber Tuk Cokro Tulung ing Klaten, Crita Asal-usule jeneng  Grojogan Sewu ing Tawangmangu,Crita Menara Kudus ing kutha Kudus.
3.      Dongeng
Crita dongeng dianggep crita sing ngayawara, ora bisa diprecaya. Contone dongeng sato kewan, tanduran, gaman, lan sapiturute. Tuladhane crita kang wis kondhang Kancil nyolong timun, Keong Mas, Lutung Kasarung, crita Manuk Thilang kang becik atine, Semut lan Kupu, lan sapiturute.

5.      Perangane crita rakyat
Ø  Crita fiksi yaiku crita kang isine mung gawe-gawe (rekaan), ora kadadeyan temenan, utawa crita saka asil angen-angen pengarang.
tuladhane : mite (alam goib), fabel (hubungane karo kewan), lan legenda (gegandhengan karo dumadine papan karo barang).
Ø  Crita non fiksi yaiku crita kang dudu gawe-gawe , utawa crita kang pancen bener-bener kedadeyan, crita kang wis nate dialami dening pelakune.
tuladhane : hikayat (babagan peragane kanthi jelas, tuladhane hikayat hang tuah lan liyane),babad (bukti lan nyatane, nanging wis ditambahi crita kang ora genah, tuladhane babad tanah Jawi, babadmataram lan liyane),sejarah (bener kedadeyan lan ana buktine, tuladhanesejarah jendral soederman, sejarah majapahit lan liyane),roman (crita kang gambarake uripe pawongan lair tekan pati).

6.      Sinopsis
Sinopsis yaiku ringkesan crita saka alur kang dawa dadi cekak nanging bisa njlentrehake crita sekabehe. Nalika bakal nulis sinopsis,bab-bab kang kudu digatekake yaiku :
·         Tema               : gagasan pokok,pokok crita
·         Latar                : papan lan wektu dumadine prastawa
·         Alur                 : lakuning crita
·         Penokohan      : paraga crita
Saka karangan kasebut banjur digawe sinopsis.


Reading Time:

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